Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2026
Brain and physiological responses to flavored waters with different sweeteners: a randomized crossover study in healthy young adults.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05575687 (Brain and Glycemic Responses to Soft Drinks With Different Sweeteners), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Brain and Glycemic Responses to Soft Drinks With Different Sweeteners
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7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDrinks with low-no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs) do not contribute to energy intake but still provide a hedonic experience through sweetness. LNCS can have differential effects on brain areas involved in food intake and reward compared with sugars.
objectivesThis study determined changes in brain activity and the effect on physiological markers following the ingestion of flavored waters sweetened with the sugar sucrose or LNCS.
methodsThirty healthy individuals participated in a randomized crossover study with 6 treatments. Participants were scanned after an overnight fast using magnetic resonance imaging, including arterial spin labeling to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), before and after ingestion of 500-mL drinks: water, or equisweet flavored waters with 25 g sucrose, sucralose, stevia extract, allulose+stevia extract, or monk fruit extract. CBF was measured at baseline and 5 and 30 min; gastric content volume was measured at baseline and 25 and 45 min. Serum insulin and glucose were measured, and participants rated their appetite and thirst throughout each visit. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models.
resultsPrimary: Hypothalamus CBF was not differentially affected by any of the drinks. In the ventral tegmental area (midbrain), treatment effects differed, with lower ΔCBF after sucrose than water, sucralose and monk fruit drink ingestion at 30 min (difference: ∼8% ± 3%; all P
conclusionsAlthough flavored waters with LNCS mostly elicit similar neural and gastrointestinal responses as water, they have some distinct effects on the brain compared with 25 g of sucrose, particularly in reward-related brain areas. Further exploration of the neural and physiological effects of allulose and stevia and dose-dependent investigations are warranted. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05575687 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05575687).
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