Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42324895›Full record

ArticleCancer2026

Demographic, birth, parental characteristics, and the risk of early-onset colorectal cancer: A population-based nested case-control study in California.

Sunny Siddique, Rong Wang, Domenica Berardi, Caroline H Johnson, Joseph L Wiemels, Catherine Metayer, Xiaomei Ma

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sunny SiddiqueDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5746-1161
Rong WangDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-4174
Domenica BerardiDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Caroline H JohnsonDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Joseph L WiemelsDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Catherine MetayerDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-4145
Xiaomei MaDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Funding

Examining Early Life Risk Factors and Patterns of Screening for Early-Onset Colorectal CancerF31CA281335 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SIDDIQUE, ARFAN · 2023 to 2024
$88k
NCI NIH HHS 2T32CA250803-06NCI NIH HHS F31 CA281335
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years, has been increasing. The relationship between demographic, birth, and parental characteristics and risk of EOCRC has not been elucidated.

methodsThis study included 1221 cases born and diagnosed with EOCRC at the age of 0 to 39 years in California during 1988 through 2021 and 61,050 frequency-matched controls based on birth year. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.

resultsBased on multivariable analysis, males had 34% higher risk of EOCRC compared to females (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20-1.51), and Hispanic ethnicity was associated with 43% higher risk of EOCRC (OR for Hispanic versus non-Hispanic White = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20-1.51). Having a foreign-born mother was associated with a lower risk of EOCRC (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97). Among females, every 500-g increase in birthweight was associated with 10% increase in EOCRC risk (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21) and having a father aged ≥35 years was associated with higher risk of EOCRC (OR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08-2.25). No other demographic, birth, and parental characteristic was significantly associated with risk of EOCRC.

conclusionHigh birthweight, male sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and older paternal age are potential risk factors for EOCRC. Maternal birthplace, which is associated with diet, smoking patterns, other health-promoting characteristics, may be protective against EOCRC. These factors require future research for validation and evaluation of possible mechanisms.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsAdolescentAdultAge of OnsetBirth WeightCaliforniaCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleParentsbirth characteristicsbirthweightcolorectal cancer risk factorsearly‐life exposuresearly‐onset colorectal cancerHispanic ethnicityparental characteristicspaternal agesex differences

Identifiers

PMID42324895
PMCPMC13284631

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.