Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42325317›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026

Unpacking Theory of Mind in developmental coordination disorder: the role of manual dexterity and perspective-taking.

F Manzi, G Purpura, G Peretti, V Di Giusto, V Caravella, D Massaro, A Marchetti, A Cavallini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

F Manzi *Research Center on Theory of Mind and Social Competence in the Lifespan, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
G Purpura *IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
G PerettiResearch Center on Theory of Mind and Social Competence in the Lifespan, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
V Di GiustoIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
V CaravellaIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
D MassaroResearch Center on Theory of Mind and Social Competence in the Lifespan, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
A MarchettiResearch Center on Theory of Mind and Social Competence in the Lifespan, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
A CavalliniIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) has often been associated with challenges in social functioning, but it remains unclear whether these reflect a generalized impairment in Theory of Mind (ToM) or selective vulnerabilities related to motor and cognitive constraints. This study examined multiple ToM components in 20 children with DCD aged 7-11 years. Participants completed standardized measures of cognitive functioning (WISC-IV), motor coordination (MABC-2), and parent-reported social difficulties (SRS-2), along with a ToM battery assessing perspective-taking, second-order false belief, advanced ToM, and affective ToM. Partial correlations controlling for age, gender, and social symptom severity revealed distinct associations across ToM components. Perspective-taking was positively associated with manual dexterity, whereas affective ToM was related to verbal comprehension, and advanced ToM was associated with overall intellectual functioning, verbal comprehension, and working memory. Second-order false belief performance showed no significant associations. A multiple linear regression model indicated that manual dexterity was the only significant predictor of perspective-taking performance, even after controlling for demographic variables and social symptom severity. These findings suggest that ToM abilities in DCD are not globally impaired but differentially supported by motor and cognitive resources. Perspective-taking appears selectively associated with motor coordination, highlighting the importance of considering this relationship in rehabilitation of children with DCD.

Indexed as

developmental coordination disordermotor coordinationperspective-takingsocial cognitiontheory of mind

Identifiers

PMID42325317
PMCPMC13279518

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.