Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42325401›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026

How PLGA Microspheres are Emerging as a Key Drug Delivery System.

Sai Qian, Lan Ma, Chenlu Liu, Yuxi Lin, Jiangfeng Wu, Xiaolian Wang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sai QianHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, People's Republic of China.
Lan MaHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, People's Republic of China.
Chenlu LiuHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, People's Republic of China.
Yuxi LinHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, People's Republic of China.
Jiangfeng WuHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, People's Republic of China.
Xiaolian WangHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres are a clinically established platform for sustained and controlled drug delivery, offering tunable degradation and reduced dosing frequency. This review critically appraises PLGA microsphere technology, linking materials science with clinical translation. We examine how molecular parameters-molecular weight, lactide-to-glycolide ratio, and terminal group chemistry-affect degradation and release kinetics. Key fabrication methods (emulsion-solvent evaporation, spray drying, membrane emulsification, and microfluidics) are compared for their control over encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and scalability. Release mechanisms, including diffusion, swelling, and erosion, are discussed alongside strategies to mitigate burst release. The review also addresses in vivo pharmacokinetics, recent clinical progress in oncology and vaccine delivery, regulatory challenges, manufacturing hurdles, and future directions such as stimuli-responsive microspheres and AI-guided formulation design.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsLactic AcidMicrospheresPolyglycolic AcidAnimalsHumansParticle SizePolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerLactic AcidPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymerclinical translationdrug delivery systemsPLGA microspheressustained release kinetics

Identifiers

PMID42325401
PMCPMC13281865

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.