Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42325475›Full record

ArticleInfectious Disease Modelling2026

Modeling two-strain competition with reinfection: Mathematical analyses and epidemiological implications.

Jie Bai, Jin Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious Disease Modelling, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jie BaiSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
Jin WangDepartment of Mathematics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We propose a new epidemic model for the interactions between two different strains associated with the same pathogen. Our focus is how the competition between multiple strains and the impact of reinfection shape the transmission, spread, and progression of the disease. We analyze the dynamical behavior of this mathematical model, especially the existence of various equilibrium points and their stability properties. In addition, we conduct a detailed numerical study, utilizing publicly available COVID data to calibrate the model. Our simulation results reveal complex patterns in the interplay between the emerging and outgoing strains and highlight the importance of effective control for both the primary infection and reinfection routes of the emerging strain.

Indexed as

COVID-19Mathematical modelingMultiple strainsReinfection

Identifiers

PMID42325475
PMCPMC13277490

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.