Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42325544›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer (Dove Medical Press)2026

Induced Electric Fields Inhibit Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis and Modulate the Immune Tumor Microenvironment.

Manish Charan, Travis H Jones, Dinesh K Ahirwar, Nandini Acharya, Vish V Subramaniam, Konstantin Shilo, Ramesh K Ganju, Jonathan W Song

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Manish Charan *Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Travis H Jones *Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7315-5201
Dinesh K AhirwarDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nandini AcharyaDepartment of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Vish V SubramaniamDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0827-9563
Konstantin ShiloDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Ramesh K GanjuDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Jonathan W SongDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains highly challenging to treat despite advances in oncology. This study investigated whether non-invasive alternating, low-intensity induced electric fields (iEFs) could suppress tumor growth and metastasis while modulating anti-tumor immunity in TNBC. Methods: Orthotopic TNBC mouse models were treated with alternating (100 kHz) and low-intensity (2.7 mV/cm peak), induced electric fields (iEFs), which were delivered non-invasively via a solenoid coil system. Tumor growth and lung metastasis were assessed following treatment. Immune profiling was performed to evaluate changes in T cell states and myeloid cell populations within both primary tumors and metastatic lung tissue. Results: iEF treatment significantly reduced primary tumor growth (n=9) and lung metastases (n=5). Within the tumor microenvironment, iEFs decreased infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid cells (n=8). In the lung metastatic niche, iEF therapy increased CD8+ T cell abundance while reducing immunosuppressive myeloid populations (n=8). We also observed that iEFs reduced the metastatic potential of cancer cells by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (n=3). Conclusion: Induced electric field therapy enhances anti-tumor immunity and suppresses metastatic progression in TNBC by enhancing T cell activity and remodeling immunosuppressive myeloid environments. These findings support iEFs as a promising non-invasive immunomodulatory strategy for metastatic TNBC.

Indexed as

alternating electromagneticsbioengineeringimmunomodulationphysics of oncology

Identifiers

PMID42325544
PMCPMC13282987

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.