Evidence mapPaperPMID 42325622Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2026

Targeted therapy in thyroid cancer: molecular alterations and clinical management.

YiHeng Yang, YeSheng Zhang, YongCan Xu, XiaoXin Gu, Neng Lou, GuoChao Ye

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

YiHeng Yang *Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
YeSheng Zhang *Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
YongCan XuDepartment of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
XiaoXin GuDepartment of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Neng LouDepartment of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
GuoChao YeDepartment of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: This review summarizes key actionable molecular alterations in thyroid cancer and examines how molecular profiling can be translated into practical, subtype-specific targeted treatment strategies for advanced, recurrent, or radioiodine-refractory disease. Methods: A narrative synthesis was performed using evidence from landmark clinical trials, current consensus guidelines, and representative translational studies on thyroid cancer drivers and targeted therapies. Molecular targets were categorized by signaling pathways and pathological subtypes (DTC, PTC/FTC, ATC/PDTC, and MTC), with emphasis on clinical indications, efficacy signals, and toxicity profiles. Results: The identification of specific genomic drivers, such as BRAF V600E, RET mutations/fusions, and NTRK fusions, has revolutionized the management of thyroid cancer. Precision highlights include the use of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant ATC and highly selective RET or TRK inhibitors for fusion-positive tumors. For cases lacking these specific markers, VEGFR-targeted multikinase inhibitors (e.g., lenvatinib) remains the standard of care for RAIR-DTC. Furthermore, "redifferentiation" therapies show promise in restoring radioiodine sensitivity, while emerging pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and immune checkpoints offer new avenues for combination therapy to overcome treatment resistance. Conclusions: The therapeutic paradigm in thyroid cancer is shifting from non-selective multikinase inhibition toward molecularly matched, combination-based, and adaptively sequenced strategies. Early and comprehensive genomic profiling-including fusion detection-is essential to optimize treatment selection, address resistance, and expand precision therapy options across disease subtypes.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsMolecular Targeted TherapyThyroid NeoplasmsHumansMutationProtein Kinase InhibitorsSignal TransductionAntineoplastic AgentsProtein Kinase Inhibitorsmolecular alterationsprecision medicineradioiodine-refractory thyroid cancertargeted therapythyroid cancer

Identifiers

PMID42325622
PMCPMC13278885

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.