ArticleCurrent research in physiology2026
Cardioprotective effects of acetate supplementation against fructose-induced cardiac injury in pregnant Wistar rats.
Article in Current research in physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: High fructose intake during pregnancy exacerbates cardiometabolic risk through lipid dysregulation and oxidative stress, with limited therapeutic strategies. Objective: This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of acetate supplementation against fructose-induced cardiac injury in pregnant Wistar rats, focusing on VEGF/PI3K signaling, redox balance, and lipid metabolism. Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats with a mean weight of 135 ± 15g were divided into pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (NP) cohorts (n = 15 each). Pregnant and non-pregnant rats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (n = 5/group): control (standard chow and water), fructose (10% w/v fructose in drinking water ad libitum), and fructose + acetate (10% w/v fructose in drinking water + oral sodium acetate 200 mg/kg/day via gavage). Treatments were administered concurrently throughout the 3-week experimental period. After three weeks of treatment, rats were euthanized with ketamine (90 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) intramuscularly in the thigh. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture, and hearts were excised, homogenized, and analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), adeosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XO), uric acid (UA), Reduced Glutathione/Oxidized Glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K.). Data were analyzed using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), (p < 0.05). Results: Fructose significantly elevated cardiac FFA, TG, TC, MDA, 4-HNE, ADA, XO, and UA levels, which were more pronounced in the pregnant rats with an accompanying decreased cardiac GSH/GSSG ratio, G6PDH activity, PI3K, and VEGF levels. Acetate co-administration normalised lipid profiles, restored redox homeostasis, and increased VEGF/PI3K levels, with pregnancy amplifying both fructose toxicity and acetate protection. Conclusion: Fructose exacerbates pregnancy-associated cardiac vulnerability via lipid overload and oxidative stress. Acetate confers cardio-protection, which is accompanied by increased VEGF/PI3K and antioxidant levels, positioning it as a promising nutraceutical strategy for gestational cardiometabolic disorders.
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