ArticleJournal of multidisciplinary healthcare2026
A Delphi Study on the Development of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome-Differentiation Nursing Framework for Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites.
Article in Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: To develop a scientifically grounded, consensus-based Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome-differentiation nursing framework for patients with cirrhotic ascites, thereby integrating TCM theoretical principles with modern nursing science to enhance individualized, holistic, and evidence-informed care. Methods: A modified classical Delphi method was employed between January 2022 and January 2025. Eighteen multidisciplinary experts in TCM, hepatology, and nursing participated in three iterative rounds of anonymous consultation. The preliminary framework-derived from systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews-was refined using 5-point Likert ratings and open-ended feedback. Consensus was defined as ≥80% of ratings ≥4 and coefficient of variation (CV) <0.50. Reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Kendall's W; content validity was evaluated via the item- and scale-level content validity indices (I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave); and thematic analysis was used to synthesize qualitative feedback. Results: The final framework comprised four domains and 48 items: (1) syndrome classification, (2) nursing assessment, (3) intervention principles, and (4) outcome evaluation. Consensus rates ranged from 89.6% to 97.8% with CV = 0.22-0.33. "Tonify Spleen and Kidney" achieved the highest rating (4.95 ± 0.10, 100% agreement). ICC values (0.89-0.97) and increasing Kendall's W (0.60→0.86, p < 0.001) confirmed strong reliability and convergence. Qualitative synthesis identified three meta-themes-integration, personalization, and standardization-reflecting the dual need for individualized care and measurable practice standards. Conclusion: This Delphi-derived framework provides a validated and clinically applicable structure for implementing syndrome-based nursing care in patients with cirrhotic ascites. By integrating TCM syndrome differentiation into routine nursing assessment, individualized intervention planning, and standardized outcome evaluation, it offers a practical guide for bedside care and follow-up management in real-world clinical settings. The framework is expected to improve the consistency and individualization of nursing care, and its effectiveness can be further evaluated through measurable outcomes such as symptom relief, ascites control, patient quality of life, nursing adherence, and inter-rater reliability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.