ArticleJSAMS plus2026
Comparing embedded virtual reality combat to traditional warm-ups on fencing performance and fatigue: Protocol for a randomized crossover trial.
Article in JSAMS plus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Mental fatigue has been observed to increase early and accumulate during fencing competition days. Traditional warm-up structures in fencing, including coach-led one-on-one combat (TC), always require a physical sparring partner. Virtual reality combat (VC) can engage athletes in an immersive, entertaining sports environment with specific motor-cognitive stimuli to enhance training and mental preparation, which may facilitate a quality warm-up. Aims: This study will compare the effects of VC with those of TC in the specialized warm-up section, on fencing-specific performance and fencers' fatigue levels. Methods: This study will be a within-subjects, randomized crossover design. It has been ethically approved and registered. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Twenty Epee fencers will be recruited and matched for gender and fencing level. The fencers' pair will be randomly assigned in a counterbalanced order to commence the experimental condition with VC or the control condition with TC first. Standardized measures of mental and physical fatigue, and motor-cognitive performance will be conducted pre- and post-warm-ups. Analysis: Linear mixed-effects models will be used for time, condition, and their interaction effects. Other subjective perceptions after VC/TC and heart rate responses to VC/TC will be collected and compared between conditions via paired samples t-tests. Discussion: This is the first time the virtual reality technology will be integrated into a traditional fencing warm-up to explore the feasibility of virtual combat as an on-field alternative. The practice-oriented study seeks to inform pre-competition warm-up structures, management of mental fatigue, and subsequent performance enhancement in real-world combat sports.
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