Evidence mapPaperPMID 42332456Full record

ArticleMedicine2026

Prostate cancer and diabetes: A retrospective analysis of mortality trends in the United States (1999-2024).

Sarim Hassan Shahab, Faizan E Mustafa, Hadia Ghazala Masood, Siddique Ahmed, Fariha Ali, Yazdan Sajid, Abubakar Nazir, Muddassir Khalid

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Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sarim Hassan ShahabNishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0005-1077-7993
Faizan E MustafaNishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.
Hadia Ghazala MasoodNishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0007-1219-5449
Siddique AhmedNishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0007-0393-7455
Fariha AliMohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0001-7609-028
Yazdan SajidNishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0008-8685-2330
Abubakar NazirThe Jewish Hospital - Mercy Health, Cincinnati, OH.ORCID 0000-0002-6650-6982
Muddassir KhalidNishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0004-0717-2777

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent comorbid condition that can influence the progression of prostate cancer, which remains one of the leading malignancies among men in the United States. Knowing the long-term mortality trends in this high-risk population is essential for developing care, early diagnosis, and prevention plans. Using surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we evaluated how prostate cancer mortality among diabetic United States adults has changed over the 25 years between 1999 and 2024. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes for prostate cancer (C61) and diabetes (E10-E14) were utilized to examine mortality trends. Deaths were counted when prostate cancer was listed as the underlying cause and diabetes was listed as a contributing cause of death. We analyzed race, urban/rural, state, and census region-wise mortality trends. Joinpoint (V5.4.0) was used to analyze trends. Across 1999 to 2024, male age-adjusted mortality rates showed a fluctuating but overall stable pattern, with an initial significant decline, a marked rise after 2017, and a subsequent nonsignificant decrease, resulting in no significant long-term trend (average annual percent change = -0.41). Racial disparities were consistent, with non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals experiencing the highest mortality rates, followed by NH Whites and Hispanics, while other groups remained stable. Urban and rural trends showed parallel temporal fluctuations, with higher rates in rural areas but no sustained long-term differences. Considerable heterogeneity was observed across states and census regions, with the West showing a significant upward trend overall. These findings warrant better, more targeted interventions that should prevent and control the deaths of prostate cancer in diabetic adults with a focus on the NH Black or African American populations and areas that are experiencing more deaths.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusProstatic NeoplasmsAgedHumansMaleMiddle AgedMortalityRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesCDCdiabetesmortality trendsprostate cancerUnited States

Identifiers

PMID42332456
PMCPMC13286417

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.