ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2026
Protein consumption during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: Insights from a multi-center case-control study.
Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses major health risks for mothers and infants. Evidence on the association between dietary protein intake and GDM risk remains inconsistent. This study investigated dietary protein quantity and quality in relation to GDM.
methodsA hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, involving 200 cases and 263 controls. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24-h dietary records, and protein intake was categorized into plant- and animal-based sources. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate associations.
resultsHigher plant protein intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of GDM (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.20-0.59). Similarly, higher seafood (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24-0.68) and egg intake (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.35-0.98) were inversely associated with GDM risk. In contrast, total protein, animal protein, poultry, dairy protein, aromatic amino acids, and branched-chain amino acids showed no significant or meaningful trend with GDM risk.
conclusionsOur study did not identify significant associations between total or animal protein intake during pregnancy and GDM risk. However, higher consumption of plant protein, seafood, and eggs was associated with lower odds of GDM in multivariable-adjusted models that accounted for BMI, total energy intake, socioeconomic status, and other relevant confounders. Given the observational case-control design, these findings cannot establish causality, and the possibility of residual confounding remains. Nevertheless, the results suggest that protein-intake quality may play a role in GDM risk, warranting confirmation in prospective cohorts and randomized trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.