Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42336834›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Antibiotic-induced Malassezia expansion in the infant gut promotes early-life immune dysregulation and airway inflammation in mice.

Erik van Tilburg Bernardes, Thaís Glatthardt, Mackenzie W Gutierrez, William N T Nguyen, Emily M Mercer, Hena R Ramay, Carolyn A Thomson, Tisha Belle A Halim, Nithya Gopalakrishnan, Katarina MacConnell and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Erik van Tilburg BernardesDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5005-2835
Thaís GlatthardtDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.ORCID 0009-0007-1653-2166
Mackenzie W GutierrezDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
William N T NguyenDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Emily M MercerDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Hena R RamayInternational Microbiome Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Carolyn A ThomsonDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Tisha Belle A HalimDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Nithya GopalakrishnanDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Katarina MacConnellDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Kristen KalbfleischDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Kamala D PatelDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Eugenia Corrales-AguilarCentro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET) & Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.ORCID 0000-0002-0845-8329
Kathy D McCoyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-3900-9227
Stephen B FreedmanDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Marie-Claire ArrietaDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. marie.arrieta@ucalgary.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-4490-3370

Funding

Sick Kids Foundation NI19-1112W. Garfield Weston Foundation 1047806
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotics have deleterious consequences for the gut microbiome and can increase the risk of childhood asthma. While the effects of antibiotics on the bacterial microbiome and asthma risk are well characterized, their impact on the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) remains vastly unexplored. We investigated the effect of antibiotic use on the gut mycobiome in an observational, prospective clinical study of young infants. Antibiotic treatment resulted in increased fungal abundance and expansion of the yeast Malassezia spp. in the infant mycobiome. Based on these findings, we colonized germ-free mouse pups with a defined consortium of mouse-derived bacteria (Oligo-MM12) with or without Malassezia restricta. Colonization with this yeast increased myeloid and lymphoid intestinal immune responses deemed critical in atopy development, and elevated airway inflammation in house-dust mite (HDM)-challenged mice and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected mice. Further evaluation in eosinophil-deficient mice revealed that the observed immune response is partially dependent on this cell type. This translational work demonstrates that expansion of Malassezia spp. is a previously overlooked collateral effect of infant antibiotic use, which may offer a potential strategy to prevent or mitigate pediatric asthma and related conditions.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAsthmaGastrointestinal MicrobiomeMalasseziaAnimalsFemaleHumansInfantInflammationMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMycobiomeProspective StudiesRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID42336834
PMCPMC13291269

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.