SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026
Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Combined Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
GLP-1 RAs reduced MACE by 16% (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.89; high certainty) and the composite kidney endpoint by 21% (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.86; high certainty).
GLP-1 RAs reduced MACE by 16% (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.89; high certainty) and the composite kidney endpoint by 21% (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.86; high certainty).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×kidney outcomes
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →7 readable studies in this cell: 3 favour the treatment, 4 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×cardiovascular events
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →13 readable studies in this cell: 7 favour the treatment, 2 find no difference, 4 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Combined Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026 · on this mapPooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
aimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) confers substantial cardiovascular and renal morbidity. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have demonstrated cardiorenal protection across major randomised trials, culminating in the landmark FLOW trial. No prior systematic review has simultaneously synthesised cardiorenal outcomes in a CKD-restricted population, executed a network meta-analysis for agent-level comparisons, or assessed whether SGLT2 inhibitor background therapy modifies treatment effects. MATERIALS AND
methodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched through March 2025. Eligible RCTs enrolled adults with CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m
resultsThirteen RCTs (97 428 participants; 31 846 with confirmed CKD) were included. GLP-1 RAs reduced MACE by 16% (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.89; high certainty) and the composite kidney endpoint by 21% (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.86; high certainty). Kidney failure risk was reduced by 28% (HR 0.72); UACR decreased by 26%. Benefits were consistent irrespective of SGLT2 inhibitor background use (interaction p = 0.41). Semaglutide ranked highest in the NMA (SUCRA 78.4%). No excess acute kidney injury risk was observed.
conclusionsGLP-1 RAs provide clinically meaningful cardiorenal protection in CKD, additive to SGLT2 inhibitor benefits. In exploratory network meta-analysis, semaglutide subcutaneous achieved the highest SUCRA ranking for kidney composite outcomes; the direct semaglutide evidence is rated high certainty by GRADE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.