ArticleInternational endodontic journal2026
The Interplay of M1 Macrophages and Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promotes Angiogenesis Through IL-8-Dependent VEGF Regulation: An In Vitro Study.
Article in International endodontic journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDental pulp inflammation triggers immune responses involving macrophages and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which interact to regulate angiogenesis essential for tissue repair. M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages predominate early in pulpitis, and clarifying their angiogenic role is vital in identifying inflammatory regenerative mechanisms. METHODOLOGY: THP-1 cells and peripheral blood monocyte (PBM)-derived macrophages were polarized to M1 or M2 phenotypes, characterized by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and angiogenesis arrays. A vasculature-on-a-chip comprising DPSCs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and THP-1-derived macrophages was imaged, and the vascular segments/sprouts were quantified using ImageJ. Density effects used 5 × 10
resultsM1 macrophages at low density (5 × 10
conclusionM1 macrophages promote angiogenesis via IL-8-induced DPSC VEGF secretion through CXCR1/2-MAPK/ERK-HIF-1α signalling density-dependently, suggesting that therapeutic modulation rather than total suppression of M1 activity could improve outcomes in vital pulp therapy.
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