ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2026
Biomarker affliction classes contribute additively to observed dementia severity and prospective conversion risk.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BackgroundDementia is likely to be overdetermined by the independent contributions of its biomarkers, of which Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific biomarkers are a subset.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of affliction by multiple biomarkers on dementia severity.MethodsUsing previously validated algorithms, N = 988 PET (+) subjects of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were assigned to groups "afflicted by" or "resilient against" the effects of central nervous system amyloid-β (Aβ), plasma adipokines, and/or neurodegeneration and tested against Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) and time to dementia conversion.ResultsCDR-SB rose as a function of the number of afflicting biomarkers in both demented and non-demented cases. 327/988 (33.1%) were afflicted by a single biomarker. That biomarker was Aβ in only 19.88% of these PET (+) subjects. 221/988 (22.4%) were afflicted by all three. Only 124/988 (12.6%) were resilient to all three. Affliction by adipokines had the strongest effect (r = 0.33, p < 0.001). Affliction by Aβ was weakest (r = 0.18, p < 0.001). The number of afflicting biomarkers explained 25.2% of CDR variance and significantly impacted conversion risk over 48 months (by χ2 (df = 3) = 56.69, p < 0.001) independently of baseline CDR-SB (by Cox Proportional Hazards Wald χ2 (df = 3) = 26.24, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe biomarkers that determine dementia severity in PET (+) subjects may ultimately comprise
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