Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42340520›Full record

ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2026

IL-17/IL-17RA Axis Facilitates Immune Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Upregulating PD-L1 via the NF-κB Pathway.

Xinyang Li, Ya Wang, Chuan Shen, Ruolan Gu, Mingjie Liu, Ying Xiao, Yuexia Liu, Luyuan Ma, Caiyan Zhao

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Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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9 authors.

Xinyang Li *Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
Ya Wang *Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
Chuan ShenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
Ruolan GuDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
Mingjie LiuDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
Ying XiaoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
Yuexia LiuDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
Luyuan MaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
Caiyan ZhaoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China. zhaocy@hebmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-4641

Funding

2026 Hebei Provincial Government Funded Project for Outstanding Clinical Medical Talents ZF2026163
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) limits therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to develop an immune-related signature for risk stratification and to identify key molecules that drive immune evasion.

methodsTranscriptomic data from HCC were analyzed to identify immune-related genes. A prognostic risk signature was constructed using Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and validated in an independent external cohort. Immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and interleukin (IL)-17RA expression were characterized. Serum IL-17 levels were measured in patients with HCC, patients with cirrhosis, and healthy controls. Mechanistic studies included analyses of cell proliferation, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation, and the effects of IL-17RA knockdown.

resultsA six-gene risk signature stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups. The high-risk group exhibited poorer prognosis and a more immunosuppressive microenvironment. External validation confirmed model robustness, with the risk score as an independent prognostic factor (multivariable Cox, P < 0.05). IL-17RA was overexpressed in HCC and correlated with poor prognosis, immune checkpoints, and M2 macrophage infiltration. Serum IL-17 levels were elevated in patients with HCC, had diagnostic value (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.738), and predicted vascular invasion (AUC = 0.891). Mechanistically, IL-17 activated NF-κB, increased p-p65, induced p65 nuclear translocation, upregulated PD-L1, and stimulated HCC cell proliferation. Pharmacological NF-κB inhibition or genetic silencing of IL-17RA abrogated IL-17-induced PD-L1 upregulation.

conclusionThe six-gene prognostic signature and external validation suggest clinical utility. The IL-17/ IL-17 receptor alpha axis may drive immune escape by upregulating PD-L1 via NF-κB activation; therefore, it represents a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Indexed as

Hepatocellular carcinomaIL-17IL-17RAImmunityPD-L1

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.