ArticleACS applied materials & interfaces2026
uPAR-Guided Dendrimer Gel Nanoparticles Reprogram Inflammation to Stabilize Atherosclerotic Plaques.
Article in ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid deposition, chronic inflammation, and apoptosis within the arterial wall, leading to plaque progression and instability. Current lipid-lowering therapies fail to fully address residual cardiovascular risk driven by local inflammation and cell death. Here, we report the development of uPA-functionalized, rapamycin-encapsulated dendrimer nanoparticles (G5PM-uPA/RA) that preferentially accumulate in urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-enriched atherosclerotic plaque, including macrophage- and apoptosis-rich lesion microenvironments. G5PM-uPA/RA was constructed by cross-linking reaction-enabled flash nanoprecipitation in a custom-made multi-inlet vortex mixer, followed by thiol-maleimide conjugation of uPA for uPAR-guided targeting. The nanoparticles demonstrated uniform morphology, favorable stability, and efficient rapamycin loading. In vitro, G5PM-uPA/RA exhibited enhanced macrophage uptake (1.3-fold than nontargeted form), sustained intracellular drug retention (2.2-fold than free drug), and effective suppression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α release (-10%). In vivo biodistribution studies in
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