Evidence mapPaperPMID 42341015Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Identification of key predictors of postmenopausal osteoporosis from routine clinical indicators using explainable machine learning.

Yang Guo, Shuai Jiang, Wei Zhu, Longwang Tan, Chuang Liu, Yongjun Jia, Chi Zhang, Kok-Yong Chin

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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yang GuoDepartment of Nursing, School of Medicine, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8192-938X
Shuai JiangMedical Morphology Experiment Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China.
Wei ZhuDepartment of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Mizu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
Longwang TanDivision of Spinal Surgery, Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
Chuang LiuDivision of Spinal Surgery, Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
Yongjun JiaDivision of Spinal Surgery, Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
Chi ZhangRehabilitation Department (Area 8), Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Kok-Yong ChinDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-1552

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMachine learning (ML) shows promise in using clinical data to predict chronic diseases. However, its application in PMOP risk assessment using readily available clinical and biochemical parameters is underexplored.

objectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable ML-based model for assessing PMOP using clinical features and laboratory biomarkers, and to identify factors associated with PMOP using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).

methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study included 1,717 postmenopausal women from two hospitals in Northwest China. PMOP was diagnosed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA T-score ≤-2.5). Data collected included demographics, clinical details, and various laboratory parameters, such as bone metabolism markers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], electrolytes, and routine blood counts. Ten ML algorithms were employed for feature selection and model construction on a dataset split into training (n = 1201) and testing (n = 516) sets. Performance was evaluated using the Area Under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and calibration.

resultsThe Extra Trees (ET) model achieved the best test-set performance, with an AUC of 0.717 (95% CI: 0.682-0.752). SHAP analysis revealed that age was the most significant associated factor (SHAP value: 0.0648), followed by body mass index (BMI) (0.0243) and chloride ion levels (0.0209). Other top predictors included the use of antihypertensive drugs and years since menopause.

conclusionThe ET ML algorithm showed the best performance in assessing PMOP, with age, BMI, and circulating chloride levels as significant associated factors.

Indexed as

Machine LearningOsteoporosis, PostmenopausalAbsorptiometry, PhotonAgedAlgorithmsBiomarkersChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPredictive Learning ModelsRetrospective StudiesROC CurveVitamin D25-hydroxyvitamin DBiomarkersVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID42341015
PMCPMC13293431

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.