Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42342921›Full record

ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2026

TGF-β and IL-2 differentially shape T follicular regulatory cell differentiation and stability in vitro.

Luisa Bach, Yinshui Chang, Olin Arteaga Transito, Mohammadamin Ghasemi, Lisa Maria Steinheuer, Teresa Steffen, Elena De Domenico, Thomas Ulas, F Thomas Wunderlich, Marc D Beyer and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Luisa BachMedical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3476-6325
Yinshui ChangMedical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Olin Arteaga TransitoMedical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Mohammadamin GhasemiInstitute of Experimental Oncology, Biomathematics Division, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Lisa Maria SteinheuerInstitute of Experimental Oncology, Biomathematics Division, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Teresa SteffenMedical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0009-0009-3311-5051
Elena De DomenicoPlatform for Single-Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the University of Bonn and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0336-8284
Thomas UlasPlatform for Single-Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the University of Bonn and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany.
F Thomas WunderlichMax Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9209-3501
Marc D BeyerPlatform for Single-Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the University of Bonn and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9704-148X
Kevin ThurleyInstitute of Experimental Oncology, Biomathematics Division, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Dirk BaumjohannMedical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. dirk.baumjohann@uni-bonn.de.ORCID 0000-0001-8385-8288

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 252623821Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 272482170Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 390685813Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 390873048Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 432325352
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells play critical roles in regulating the activity of the germinal center (GC), which is essential for the generation of high-affinity antibodies. In the GC, Tfh cells help B cells to proliferate and to differentiate into memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. In contrast, Tfr cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T cells (Tregs), modulate the humoral immune response by suppressing excessive or autoreactive B-cell activity. Here, we established an in vitro differentiation protocol for mouse CD4⁺ T cells that yielded CXCR5⁺FoxP3⁺ Tfr cells that exhibited a Bcl6

Indexed as

Cell DifferentiationInterleukin-2T-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryTransforming Growth Factor betaAnimalsB-LymphocytesForkhead Transcription FactorsGerminal CenterImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingImmunoglobulin GLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, Inbred C57BLProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mafReceptors, CXCR5Bcl6 protein, mouseForkhead Transcription FactorsImmunoglobulin GInterleukin-2Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mafReceptors, CXCR5Transforming Growth Factor betac-MafCXCR5FoxP3IL-2T follicular regulatory cells

Identifiers

PMID42342921
PMCPMC13424134

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.