Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42344156›Full record

ArticleInterdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases2026

Preparing the Frontline: Profiling Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Gaps in Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention Among Future Health Professionals in Belize.

Danladi C Husaini, Sanjana Punjabi, Tatyana Guild, Elodia Solis, Yusuf Abubakar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Danladi C HusainiDepartment of Allied Health, Pharmacy Program, University of Belize, Central America, Belmopan, Belize.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-2873
Sanjana PunjabiDepartment of Allied Health, Pharmacy Program, University of Belize, Central America, Belmopan, Belize.
Tatyana GuildDepartment of Allied Health, Pharmacy Program, University of Belize, Central America, Belmopan, Belize.
Elodia SolisDepartment of Allied Health, Pharmacy Program, University of Belize, Central America, Belmopan, Belize.
Yusuf AbubakarDepartment of Allied Health, Pharmacy Program, University of Belize, Central America, Belmopan, Belize.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant threat to patient safety in Belize, with prevalence rates far exceeding global averages. Allied health students represent the future frontline in infection prevention, yet their preparedness in high-burden, resource-limited settings like Belize-where HAI prevalence approaches 40%-remains unassessed. This study aimed to conduct the first multidimensional analysis of the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices (KAP) regarding HAIs among allied health students at the University of Belize (UB). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 randomly selected nursing, pharmacy, and medical laboratory science students, yielding an 85% response rate. Data were collected via a structured, self-administered electronic questionnaire. Analysis included descriptive statistics, inferential tests (chi-square, Results: The mean knowledge score was 3.84 out of 7 (54.9%), indicating moderate overall understanding. While students demonstrated strength in general transmission routes (81.9% correct) and basic prevention, critical deficits were identified. Only 24.3% recognized mechanical ventilation as a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia (a common HAI), and just 56.7% correctly identified common bacterial agents. A significant knowledge-practice gap was observed; while knowledge did not differ by academic program, practice scores varied significantly ( Conclusion: UB allied health students possess foundational HAI knowledge but appear critically underprepared in key clinical areas, with a clear disconnect between theory and practice. This evidence suggests an urgent need to consider a shift from uniform curricula to tailored, competency-based education integrating robust theory with mandatory simulation and clinical practice. Such a reform could contribute to mitigating Belize's high HAI burden.

Indexed as

allied health studentsBelizecurriculum developmenthealthcare-associated infectionsinfection preventionknowledge and attitudes

Identifiers

PMID42344156
PMCPMC13287823

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.