Carboxyl Surface Modification Attenuates Polystyrene- but Not Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoplastic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis in Zebrafish Larvae.

Eunbi Kwak, Shiqi Gai, Xueran Xu, Wen Xu, Guotao Peng

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Environment & health (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Eunbi KwakCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Shiqi GaiCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Xueran XuCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Wen XuCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Guotao PengCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7169-9961

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plastic polymers are widely recognized as significant environmental toxicants through their generation of nanoplastics (NPs), with polystyrene (PS) and poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) among the most frequently detected in ecosystems. While carboxyl surface modification is known to reduce NP toxicity in some systems, its protective efficacy in intestinal environments remains unclear. This study investigated the comparative effects of pristine PS and PMMA versus their carboxylated derivatives (PS-COOH and PMMA-COOH) on gut dysbiosis in zebrafish larvae. Pathological examination revealed that PS induced the most severe intestinal epithelial damage, which was effectively mitigated by carboxylation. Conversely, PMMA triggered robust gut inflammation, evidenced by significant upregulation of proinflammatory markers IL-1β and NOS2A, effects that persisted despite carboxylation. These differences were correlated with microbiota shifts: PMMA groups significantly enriched opportunistic pathogens (

Indexed as

Carboxyl modificationGut microbiotaIntestinal barrierMicrobe−host interactionsNanoplastics

Identifiers

PMID42344600

DOI10.1021/envhealth.5c00633

PMCPMC13288231

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.