Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42344734›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026

Recombinant RBD-based subunit vaccines incorporating high-frequency mutation sites elicit cross-immunity and robust protection against SARS-CoV-2.

Zhiguang Ren, Xiawei Liu, Weiyang Sun, Wei Jiang, Yiwen Li, Xiaonan Gao, Chengyu Hu, Menghan Zhu, Yongkun Zhao, Yuanguo Li and 6 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Zhiguang Ren *Henan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Xiawei Liu *Henan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Weiyang Sun *State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Wei JiangHenan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Yiwen LiHenan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Xiaonan GaoKey Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonoses Prevention and Control, National Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microorganisms Biosafety, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
Chengyu HuHenan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Menghan ZhuHenan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Yongkun ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Yuanguo LiState Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Xianzhu XiaState Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Zhengyan YangHenan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Jing LiuHenan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Xinrui LvHenan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Tiecheng WangState Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Daxiang CuiHenan Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic coronavirus (CoV) belonging to Coronavirus B, has triggered outbreaks or pandemics. Currently, many variants of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved, which exhibit severe immune evasion and imprinting resistance to existing vaccines and cause infected individuals to develop Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (also termed Long-COVID). This underscores the public health importance of developing effective vaccines with broad-spectrum efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 variant and other CoVs with pandemic potential. Results: In this study, we expressed three tandem-repeat dimeric recombinant RBD proteins using an insect-baculovirus expression system integrated with the high-frequency SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutation sites. We performed immunogenicity assessment and attack protection tests. The date showed that these innovative SARS-CoV-2 RBD recombinant protein vaccines could show varying degrees of cross-immunity response and potent protection against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicated that these recombinant RBD subunit vaccines could serves a promising platform for a universal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, and provide a new perspective for the design of other future pandemic vaccines.

Indexed as

high-frequency SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutation sitesRBDrecombinant subunit vaccinesSARS-CoV-2universal vaccine

Identifiers

PMID42344734
PMCPMC13286944

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.