ArticleFrontiers in aging2026
Efficacy of simultaneous aerobic and cognitive training (Activ4Brain) on physical fitness and body composition in older persons.
Article in Frontiers in aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: The popularity of simultaneously integrated cognitive training and exercise programs is increasingly adopted as a strategy to mitigate age-related declines in cognitive function and physical fitness, and these benefits may be further enhanced in a social context. However, the effects of integrated programs particularly when delivered as group activities on physical fitness and body composition have not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of the Activ4Brain program on physical fitness and body composition with those of aerobic exercise alone. Methods: Seventy-four cognitively healthy older persons, with an average age of 65.5 ± 6.2 years, were assigned to control (n = 27) aerobic exercise (AE) (n = 23) and integrated cognitive and aerobic exercise (Activ4Brain) groups (n = 24). Physical fitness was assessed using a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), timed up and go (TUG), 30 s chair stand, and hand grip strength tests. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance (Inbody 770, Biospace). Evaluated parameters included body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat percentage, muscle mass, fat to muscle ratio (FMR), and phase angle (PhA). Measurements were taken before and after the 24-session intervention period. Within-group comparison was done using paired Results: Paired Conclusion: Both the AE and Activ4Brain interventions resulted in improvements in physical fitness suggesting that the inclusion of cognitive training in the Activ4Brain program did not compromise its ability to also improve physical function. Moreover, the Activ4Brain program also resulted in improvements in body composition by reducing fat percentage and increasing PhA. The Activ4Brain program was a useful strategy to improve physical fitness and maintain body composition in older persons, while also incorporating cognitive training.
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