ArticleAdvances in respiratory medicine2026
Dual E-Cigarette Users Show Nicotine Addiction Risk Alleles and Nuclear Abnormalities in Oral Epithelial Cells.
Article in Advances in respiratory medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study was conducted to identify genetic risk variants associated with nicotine addiction in the
methodsWe included dual e-cig users (ECIG,
resultsThe ECIG group demonstrated greater nicotine addiction on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND, 5.5 vs. 1,
conclusionsSalivary cotinine levels and FTND are higher in dual e-cigarette users than in combustible cigarette users. Dual users exhibit risk alleles in the
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