ReviewCells2026
The Gut-Brain-Immune Axis: Multi-Omics Insights into Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases.
Review in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The axis linking the gut to the brain to the immune system connects all tissues involved-bacteria, immune cells, metabolism and the CNS-through a multidirectional communication network. Several studies have confirmed that when this axis is disrupted, it can be responsible for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD, and the main consequences come from increased systemic inflammation, altered regulation of immune cells, the production of microbial metabolites that alter signals to the immune cells and nervous system, increase in oxidative stress, breakdown of the gut barrier, and more. In recent years, advanced multi-omics technologies, such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and single-cell sequencing, have provided significant advancement in our understanding of all of the interacting nodes involved in the gut-brain-immune axis. These advanced sequencing technologies can characterize the microbial communities, host immune cells, metabolic profiles, and the degree of cell heterogeneity during a specific disease. Combining multi-omics information can reveal a few shared pathways between neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, such as NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in SCFA metabolism, and the alteration of microbial populations in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease; metabolic dysbiosis and increased risk for Parkinson's disease; or changes in gut-to-brain-to-immune signaling contributing to diabetes complications and NAFLD. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are becoming promising tools for detecting biomarkers from these datasets, extracting knowledge, interpreting systems biology, and helping with developing precision medicine. In this review, we summarize current evidence that supports the role of the gut-brain-immune axis in neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, highlighting results gained with the utilization of multi-omics approaches. We will describe the key microbial, immune, and metabolic pathways involved in pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches including psychobiotics, tailored nutrition, modulation of the microbiome, and metabolite interventions, discussing future perspectives of the translation of the gut-brain-immune axis knowledge into clinical practice.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.