Evidence mapPaperPMID 42346137Full record

ReviewCells2026

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Glioblastoma (GBM): Shared Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights.

Karolina Mikołajczak, James Chmiel, Jerzy Leszek

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Karolina MikołajczakDepartment of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
James ChmielInstitute of Physical Culture Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Al. Piastów 40B Block 6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0009-0005-5320-3658
Jerzy LeszekDepartment of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNeuroinflammation is a key feature of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glioblastoma, although it leads to different outcomes in each disorder. In AD, chronic activation of microglia and astrocytes by amyloid-β and tau contributes to neuronal injury and cognitive decline. In glioblastoma, tumor cells exploit inflammatory pathways to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports tumor growth. This review compares the shared and distinct neuroinflammatory mechanisms in AD and glioblastoma and highlights their therapeutic relevance. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis study was conducted as a narrative review based on a PubMed search performed by three reviewers. English-language articles on AD, glioblastoma, and neuroinflammatory pathways were included, covering original studies, reviews, meta-analyses, and experimental and clinical reports. Keywords included neuroinflammation, microglia, astrocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, inflammasomes, NLRP3, NF-κB, HIF-1α, cytokines, blood-brain barrier, and miRNAs. Due to study heterogeneity, findings were synthesized descriptively.

resultsAD and glioblastoma share major neuroinflammatory mechanisms, including microglial and astrocytic activation, cytokine signaling, inflammasome activity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, hypoxia-related changes, and miRNA regulation. In AD, these pathways promote chronic inflammation, synaptic loss, and neurodegeneration, with NLRP3, NF-κB, and M1-like microglial polarization playing central roles. In glioblastoma, similar pathways are redirected toward tumor progression through tumor-associated macrophages, reactive astrocytes, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. Key overlapping mediators include IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, HIF-1α, GSK-3β, and selected miRNAs.

conclusionsAD and glioblastoma are connected by common neuroinflammatory pathways, but these processes result in neurodegeneration in AD and tumor support in glioblastoma. Understanding these shared and divergent mechanisms may guide the development of biomarkers and targeted therapies focused on microglia, inflammasomes, cytokines, and immune reprogramming in both diseases.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaNeuroinflammatory DiseasesAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierCytokinesHumansInflammasomesInflammationMicrogliaCytokinesInflammasomesAlzheimer’s diseaseglioblastomagliomaneuroinflammation

Identifiers

PMID42346137
PMCPMC13296939

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.