Effects of Xylazole on cAMP and Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Rats: In Vitro and In Vivo.

Xingyu Hou, Tianwen Ma, Yuan Zhao, Xinyu Wang, Yue Wu, Honggang Fan, Shuai Zhang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xingyu HouHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.

Tianwen MaHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.

Yuan ZhaoHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.

Xinyu WangHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.

Yue WuHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.

Honggang FanHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7671-6908

Shuai ZhangHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7876-5578

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Xylazole is a sedative and analgesic agent widely used in Chinese veterinary practice, valued for its convenient administration and effectiveness. This study aimed to clarify its mechanism of action by investigating the effects on cAMP and monoamine neurotransmitters using both in vitro and in vivo rat models. In rat cortical neurons, Xylazole increased cAMP levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, transiently increased extracellular DA levels, which subsequently declined, consistently reduced extracellular NE levels, and enhanced extracellular 5-HT along with its metabolite 5-HIAA. In contrast, in vivo administration in adult rats reduced cAMP, DA, and NE levels across multiple brain regions, including the cerebrum, hippocampus, and brainstem, while increasing 5-HT and 5-HIAA. Notably, in the cerebellum group, cAMP was elevated after drug washout, a pattern not observed in the other brain regions. These findings reveal a striking divergence: in P7 cortical neurons, Xylazole triggers an α

Indexed as

Biogenic MonoaminesCyclic AMPNeurotransmitter AgentsAnimalsBenzimidazolesBrainMaleMorpholinesNeuronsRatsRats, Sprague-Dawley2-((2-morpholino)ethylthio)-5-ethoxybenzimidazoleBenzimidazolesBiogenic MonoaminesCyclic AMPMorpholinesNeurotransmitter Agentscyclic AMPmicrodialysismonoamine neurotransmittersXylazole

Identifiers

PMID42346147

DOI10.3390/cells15121120

PMCPMC13297205

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.