Evidence mapPaperPMID 42346459Full record

ArticleJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2026

Metabolic Syndrome in Middle Eastern Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A High Burden Driven by Cumulative Risk Factors.

Osama Alkouri, Walid Al-Qerem, Mohamad Jarrah, Ghaleb Alharbi, Nour Ali Alrida, Rahma Musaed Alabkal, Ayman Jaber Hammoudeh, Mohamed Ezzelregal Abdelgawad, Abdulkareem Alshehri, Abdullah Yaqoub Hasan and 3 more

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Article in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Osama AlkouriFaculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0002-3268-2259
Walid Al-QeremFaculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0001-9831-7572
Mohamad JarrahDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0003-4218-7128
Ghaleb AlharbiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0005-4823-0731
Nour Ali AlridaFaculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
Rahma Musaed AlabkalDepartment of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0001-6008-6908
Ayman Jaber HammoudehDepartment of Cardiology, Istishari Hospital, Amman 11184, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0003-4940-2679
Mohamed Ezzelregal AbdelgawadMedical Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7299-4951
Abdulkareem AlshehriAdvanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Yaqoub HasanCollege of Nursing, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait City 72853, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0001-6712-5797
Mohannad AbuRuzFaculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
Fatma Refaat AhmedCollege of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0002-1008-8216
Mohammed AldalaykehCollege of Nursing, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0001-7743-4438

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MS), characterized by a constellation of interrelated cardiometabolic abnormalities, markedly amplifies cardiovascular risk. Despite the high prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the Middle East, evidence regarding the burden and determinants of MS in this high-risk population remains limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MS and identify its independent predictors among Middle Eastern patients with established ASCVD.

methodsThis comprehensive analysis integrated data from two complementary sources: a prospective cohort derived from the Jordan SMuRF-less Study, which enrolled adults (≥18 years) with confirmed ASCVD across nine centers in Jordan, and a pooled retrospective dataset from six regional cardiovascular registries. Standardized case report forms were used to collect demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. Participants were stratified according to the number of standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs) into three categories (0, 1-2, and 3-4 SMuRFs). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of MS.

resultsAmong 1016 patients with ASCVD, MS was present in 42.7% of the cohort. The prevalence of MS demonstrated a significant graded increase with higher SMuRF burden, rising from 2.2% in patients without SMuRFs to 28.3% in those with one to two SMuRFs and 62.2% in those with three to four SMuRFs (

conclusionsMS is highly prevalent among Middle Eastern patients with ASCVD and is strongly associated with cumulative SMuRF burden in a graded manner. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted, region-specific strategies focusing on early identification and comprehensive management of cardiometabolic risk in this vulnerable population.

Indexed as

hypertensionlipid abnormalitiesMiddle East epidemiologymultimorbiditySMuRF-lesstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42346459
PMCPMC13300627

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.