Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42348355›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Glycaemic Control During School Days and Holidays in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using Open-Source Android Artificial Pancreas Systems: A Real-World Study.

Xianming Li, Xinyi Ye, Jie Tang, Qin Wang, Wenhao Zhang, Yanqin Xu, Yu Ding, Sihui Luo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xianming LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Xinyi YeDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0114-1321
Jie TangGraduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
Qin WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Wenhao ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Yanqin XuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Yu DingDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-2125
Sihui LuoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-0310

Funding

Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0509100Science and Technology Program of the Changshu Municipal Health Commission CSWS202101Sinocare Diabetes Foundation 2024SD09
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOpen-source Android artificial pancreas systems (AAPS) have demonstrated benefits in glycaemic control among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, evidence comparing glycaemic outcomes between school days and holidays remains limited. This study investigated whether glycaemic outcomes differed between school days and holidays in children and adolescents with T1D using AAPS.

methodsThis real-world retrospective study included school-aged participants with T1D aged 6-19 years who had used AAPS for more than 3 months. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were categorized as school days or holidays, and glycaemic outcomes were analysed.

results55 participants included, of whom 20 (36.36%) were male. Median total duration of AAPS use was 209.39 [170.66, 289.97] days. Glycaemic metrics, including time in range (TIR), time in tight range (TITR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), glucose management indicator (GMI), mean glucose, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), low blood glucose index (LBGI), and high blood glucose index (HBGI), showed no significant differences between school days and holidays across whole day, daytime, and nighttime periods (p > 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that longer nighttime sleep duration was associated with higher TITR (adjusted OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.29-4.47, p = 0.008) and TIR (adjusted OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.17-3.96, p = 0.018) achievement during school days.

conclusionsCGM-derived glycaemic outcomes were comparable between school days and holidays in participants with T1D using AAPS. Longer nighttime sleep during school days was associated with higher TITR and TIR achievement.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glycemic ControlHolidaysPancreas, ArtificialStudentsAdolescentBlood GlucoseChildContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMaleRetrospective StudiesBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinartificial pancreas systemchildren and adolescentscontinuous glucose monitoringopen sourcetype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42348355
PMCPMC13448847

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.