ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2026
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in patients under and over 5 years of age in primary health centers in the Peruvian Amazon, 2022-2024.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease with high incidence in tropical regions such as the Peruvian Amazon. Although it affects individuals of all ages, knowledge about its clinical and epidemiological profile in children under 5 years remains limited. In this age group, leptospirosis may present with nonspecific manifestations, which may hinder timely recognition in primary care. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data from medical records and epidemiological forms of MAT-confirmed leptospirosis cases evaluated between 2022 and 2024 at four primary health care centers in Belén, Loreto, Peru. A total of 2,325 patients with clinical suspicion of leptospirosis were evaluated during the study period, of whom 400 MAT-confirmed cases with sufficient information for analysis were included. Comparisons between patients under 5 years and those aged 5 years or older were exploratory.
resultsAmong the 400 confirmed cases, 28 occurred in children under 5 years. In this age group, the most frequently recorded symptoms were malaise (78.6%) and fever (71.4%). Half of the children under 5 years lived in flood-prone areas, and 46.4% were evaluated within the first 3 days after symptom onset. Compared with older patients, children under 5 years more often showed nonspecific symptom profiles, whereas headaches and chills were less frequently recorded. Nutritional classification and selected symptom patterns also differed between age groups, although these comparisons were exploratory and based on a small pediatric sample.
conclusionIn this series of MAT-confirmed leptospirosis cases managed at the primary health care centers, children under 5 years commonly presented with nonspecific symptoms such as malaise and fever. In an endemic Amazonian setting where multiple febrile illnesses coexist, this pattern may hinder early recognition. These findings support the need to strengthen clinical suspicion, diagnostic capacity, and epidemiological surveillance for pediatric leptospirosis in primary care. Further studies with larger pediatric samples are needed to better characterize age-related differences in presentation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.