Evidence mapPaperPMID 42352291Full record

ReviewBiomolecules2026

The Lysosome-Cathepsin Axis in Pancreatic Cancer: Mechanisms of Stromal Remodeling, Immune Evasion, and Therapy Resistance.

Nika Mazej Jeram, Emanuela Senjor, Janko Kos, Milica Perišić Nanut

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nika Mazej JeramDepartment of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Emanuela SenjorDepartment of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0002-1040-5365
Janko KosDepartment of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0002-4228-3518
Milica Perišić NanutDepartment of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0003-2314-2733

Funding

International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology CRP/SVN24-01The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency J360067
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma accounting for the vast majority of cases and characterized by extensive desmoplasia, immune exclusion, and resistance to systemic therapies. Increasing evidence implicates lysosomal cathepsins as important regulators of these defining features of pancreatic tumor biology. Cathepsin-dependent proteolysis and lysosome-associated signaling pathways contribute to extracellular matrix remodeling, regulate immune cell trafficking, and influence antigen processing and presentation. Beyond their classical degradative functions, cathepsins participate in stress-adaptive cellular programs linked to autophagy, metabolic regulation, and proteostasis, supporting tumor cell survival under hypoxic, nutrient-limited, and therapy-induced stress conditions. Within the tumor microenvironment, dysregulated cathepsin activity promotes immune evasion by reshaping cytokine networks, impairing effective antigen presentation, and reinforcing physical and functional barriers to cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. Collectively, these mechanisms position the lysosome-cathepsin system as a central regulator of proteolytic remodeling, immune exclusion, and adaptive therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer, highlighting its potential relevance for emerging combinatorial therapeutic strategies.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalCathepsinsDrug Resistance, NeoplasmLysosomesPancreatic NeoplasmsAnimalsAutophagyHumansImmune EvasionSignal TransductionTumor MicroenvironmentCathepsinsantigen presentationautophagycytotoxic cellsextracellular matrix remodelingimmune evasionlysosomal cathepsinspancreatic ductal adenocarcinomatherapeutic resistancetumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID42352291
PMCPMC13296544

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.