Evidence mapPaperPMID 42352467Full record

ReviewCancers2026

Extracellular Vesicles in Diffuse Midline Glioma: Emerging Mediators of Radiation Response and Therapeutic Resistance.

Ann Morcos, Yeonkyu Jung, Ryan N Fuller, Jessica M S Jutzy, Nathan R Wall

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ann MorcosDepartment of Radiation Medicine, James M. Slater, MD Proton Treatment & Research Center, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-4097-7953
Yeonkyu JungDepartment of Radiation Medicine, James M. Slater, MD Proton Treatment & Research Center, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Ryan N FullerDepartment of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7067-4500
Jessica M S JutzyDepartment of Radiation Medicine, James M. Slater, MD Proton Treatment & Research Center, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Nathan R WallDepartment of Radiation Medicine, James M. Slater, MD Proton Treatment & Research Center, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3235-4386

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

DMG, including DIPG, is a highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor with dismal clinical outcomes. Radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, yet responses are transient and resistance is nearly universal. Emerging evidence indicates that EVs are key mediators of radiation response, facilitating intercellular communication and the propagation of radioresistant phenotypes within the tumor microenvironment. EVs carry diverse molecular cargo, including RNAs, proteins, and lipids, that can dynamically influence tumor behavior and treatment response. In this review, we focus on the role of EVs in shaping radiation response in DMG, while also examining their broader functions in tumor biology, biomarker development, and therapeutic delivery. We summarize evidence for EV-mediated regulation of tumor growth, invasion, microenvironmental interactions, and immune modulation. We further discuss the potential of EVs as minimally invasive biomarkers for liquid biopsy, highlighting both their advantages and current limitations relative to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) approaches. In addition, we review emerging strategies utilizing EVs as therapeutic delivery platforms capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and delivering small molecules and nucleic acid-based therapies. Finally, we explore the role of EVs in modulating radiation response, including their contribution to radioresistance and their potential as biomarkers of treatment efficacy. Although EV-based approaches hold significant promise in DMG, challenges related to standardization, specificity, and clinical validation remain. Continued investigation into EV biology and translational applications may provide new opportunities for improving diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of this devastating disease.

Indexed as

diffuse midline gliomaexosomesextracellular vesiclesliquid biopsyradiation responseradioresistancetumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID42352467
PMCPMC13297253

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.