Evidence mapPaperPMID 42352550Full record

ReviewCancers2026

Targeting Ferroptosis in Glioblastoma: Molecular Mechanisms, Tumor Microenvironment, and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Wiktoria Karło, Magdalena Długoń, Izabela Gutowska, Agata Wszołek, Wojciech Żwierełło

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Wiktoria KarłoDepartment of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Magdalena DługońDepartment of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Izabela GutowskaDepartment of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Agata WszołekInstitute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2777-874X
Wojciech ŻwierełłoDepartment of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5987-7120

Funding

Pomeranian Medical University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and remains associated with poor prognosis despite multimodal treatment. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation and redox imbalance, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in glioma. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular regulation of ferroptosis in glioma and discusses its implications for tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and translational targeting.

methodsA structured narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Experimental, translational, and clinically relevant studies investigating ferroptosis-related mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in glioma and GBM were qualitatively analyzed.

resultsFerroptosis in glioma is regulated by interconnected pathways involving iron metabolism, phospholipid remodeling, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense systems, particularly the SLC7A11-glutathione-GPX4 axis. Additional protective mechanisms mediated by FSP1 and DHODH, together with regulatory networks involving NRF2, ATF4, p53, and hypoxia-related signaling, contribute to adaptive resistance to ferroptosis. Increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis interacts bidirectionally with the glioma tumor microenvironment and may exert both antitumor and immunosuppressive effects. Preclinical studies further suggest that ferroptosis induction may enhance the efficacy of temozolomide, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, although clinical translation remains limited by tumor heterogeneity, blood-brain barrier penetration, and resistance mechanisms.

conclusionsFerroptosis represents a biologically plausible and therapeutically promising target in glioma. Improved understanding of ferroptosis regulation, tumor microenvironment interactions, and biomarker-guided therapeutic strategies may support the future development of more effective treatments for GBM.

Indexed as

ferroptosisglioblastomagliomaoxidative stresstherapeutic resistancetumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID42352550
PMCPMC13297316

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.