Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42352655›Full record

ReviewBrain sciences2026

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ludovico Baiamonte, Giovanna Bellante, Patrizio Allegra, Domenico Tarantino, Claudia Migliazzo, Manuela Lodico, Laura Maniscalco, Tommaso Piccoli, Nicola Vanacore, Domenica Matranga and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ludovico BaiamonteDepartment of Diagnostic, Interventional and Stroke Radiology, UOC Neurology, AOUP 'P. Giaccone', 90100 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0009-0000-0635-4756
Giovanna BellanteDepartment of Diagnostic, Interventional and Stroke Radiology, UOC Neurology, AOUP 'P. Giaccone', 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Patrizio AllegraDepartment of Diagnostic, Interventional and Stroke Radiology, UOC Neurology, AOUP 'P. Giaccone', 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Domenico TarantinoDepartment of Diagnostic, Interventional and Stroke Radiology, UOC Neurology, AOUP 'P. Giaccone', 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Claudia MigliazzoDepartment of Diagnostic, Interventional and Stroke Radiology, UOC Neurology, AOUP 'P. Giaccone', 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Manuela LodicoDepartment of Diagnostic, Interventional and Stroke Radiology, UOC Neurology, AOUP 'P. Giaccone', 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Laura ManiscalcoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7974-3963
Tommaso PiccoliDepartment of Diagnostic, Interventional and Stroke Radiology, UOC Neurology, AOUP 'P. Giaccone', 90100 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3410-2067
Nicola VanacoreNational Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00100 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2817-3758
Domenica MatrangaDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2466-937X
Giuseppe SalemiDepartment of Diagnostic, Interventional and Stroke Radiology, UOC Neurology, AOUP 'P. Giaccone', 90100 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3756-4323

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe significant impact of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on health in adult life has been widely recognized. Among the comorbidities of this disorder in later life, dementia is one of the most relevant ones. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of previous ADHD diagnosis on dementia risk. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe systematically searched Pubmed, Embase and Scopus for the relevant literature. Cohort and case-control studies were included in our review. Retrieved records were selected by title and abstract and then by full text reading. For quality appraisal, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used. A meta-analysis of hazard ratios (HRs) was performed for each type of dementia.

resultsFour cohort studies and one case-control study were included, for a total of 3,703,877 and 400 participants, respectively. For all-cause dementia, the pooled HR was 2.52 (95%CI 1.51-4.22, DISCUSSION AND

conclusionsOur results support a significant association between ADHD and risk of dementia. The results regarding specific types of dementia are more challenging to interpret and could have been influenced by sample size issues. These findings show that ADHD deserves attention in future research on cognitive disorders of the elderly; in particular, more studies are needed to reveal if a true causal relationship links ADHD and dementia.

Indexed as

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorderdementiaepidemiologymeta-analysisrisk factorssystematic review

Identifiers

PMID42352655
PMCPMC13297260

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.