ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Gut Microbiome-Hormone Interactions and Precision Fermentation in the Prevention of Early Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental stage marked by dynamic interactions between diet, the gut microbiome and endocrine maturation, creating a physiological environment in which early metabolic disturbances can rapidly translate into long-term cardiovascular vulnerability. This narrative review summarises the latest research on the diet-microbiome-hormone axis in adolescents, focusing on the metabolic pathways through which microbial metabolites influence host physiology. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbially transformed bile acids and postbiotic signalling molecules regulate enteroendocrine communication, insulin sensitivity, vascular function and inflammatory tone, thereby linking dietary exposures to early cardiometabolic alterations. Dysbiosis, driven by ultra-processed dietary patterns, low fibre intake and reduced microbial diversity, promotes metabolic endotoxemia, neuroendocrine imbalance and endothelial impairment, all of which are recognised as early indicators of cardiovascular disease. A distinctive contribution of this review is the integration of PF into the adolescent cardiometabolic framework. This emerging biotechnological process enables the controlled production of structurally defined bioactive compounds, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides, targeted prebiotic oligosaccharides, fermentable substrates that promote SCFA formation, microbially derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), phytosterols and purified postbiotics. These compounds modulate several regulatory pathways, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, lipid and bile acid metabolism, gut barrier stability, inflammatory signalling and endocrine axes involving glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), leptin, insulin sensitivity and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) dynamics. By situating precision fermentation within the broader context of adolescent metabolic susceptibility, this review highlights its potential to support microbiome resilience, stabilise hormonal regulation and mitigate early cardiovascular risk. However, further adolescent-specific clinical trials and long-term safety assessments are required to translate these advances into effective public health strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.