ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Quantifying PD1 Saturation by PDL1 in Tumor Tissue Using a Novel RNA Aptamer-Based Assay.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Leveraging the unique properties of RNA aptamers to quantify the fraction of receptors occupied by ligands.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Correction: Veeramani et al. Quantifying PD1 Saturation by PDL1 in Tumor Tissue Using a Novel RNA Aptamer-Based Assay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Update of
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic agents targeting the PD1-PDL1 interaction, commonly called PD1 blockade, are of great clinical value; however, predicting which patients will benefit has been inconsistent, in part, due to a lack of reliable biomarkers. Quantifying PD1 saturation by PDL1 in tumor tissue has the potential to serve as a biomarker; unfortunately, few diagnostic technologies are available to reliably quantify PD1 saturation in clinical biospecimens. Here, we report on a novel bioassay based on RNA aptamers, called the PD1 LIRECAP assay, that allows for quantification of the saturation of PD1 by PDL1 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor biospecimens. The assay is technically straightforward, high-throughput capable and reproducible. Results showed that quantification of PD1 saturation determined by PD1 LIRECAP assay correlates closely with PD1-mediated signaling and PD1-PDL1 proximity. Analysis of sarcoma FFPE biospecimens confirmed the assay to be consistent and revealed significant differences between patients as well as considerable intratumoral heterogeneity in PD1 saturation by PDL1. We conclude that this novel PD1 LIRECAP platform is technically feasible, reproducible and has the potential to be a superior predictive biomarker assay to predict the outcome of PD1/PDL1-based therapy. Similar assays based on this platform could be used in other systems and settings to quantify the interaction between two molecules.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.