ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Extracellular Vesicle-Derived MicroRNAs as Early Diagnostic Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy and Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Urinary Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miRNAs as Regulators and Biomarkers in Diabetic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major driver of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, carry microRNAs (miRNAs) that reflect the pathophysiological state of their parent cells and represent promising non-invasive biomarkers. This review comprehensively examines the diagnostic and mechanistic roles of EV-derived miRNAs in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) associated with T2DM. A PRISMA-guided literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase identified 847 articles published between January 2020 and June 2026, of which 156 studies met the inclusion criteria. Several urinary exosomal miRNAs demonstrated significant diagnostic performance for DN, including miR-4534 (AUC = 0.786), miR-136-5p (sensitivity 72.2%, specificity 78.4%), and miR-142-3p. A meta-analysis of circulating miRNAs in diabetic kidney disease reported a pooled AUC of 0.79. In the cardiovascular setting, exosomal miR-155-5p (AUC = 0.901), miR-15a-3p (AUC = 0.874), and a four-miRNA panel (miR-433-3p/let-7b/miR-30-5p/miR-122-5p; AUC = 0.833) demonstrated strong diagnostic performance for ischemic heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM. Mechanistically, key EV-associated miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-192, and the anti-fibrotic miR-29 family, participate in fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac remodeling pathways. EV-derived miRNAs therefore represent highly promising non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic renal and cardiovascular complications. However, clinical translation requires standardized EV isolation and miRNA detection protocols, together with validation in large multicenter prospective cohorts. This review highlights the considerable diagnostic and translational potential of EV-derived miRNAs for precision medicine and liquid biopsy applications in T2DM complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.