Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42353709›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

How Health Policies Shape Antibiotic Use: A Nationwide Study of "Access"-Group Antibiotics Availability and Consumption in a Middle-Income Country: The Case of Kazakhstan.

Antonio Sarria-Santamera, Márió Gajdács, Aliya Raimbayeva, Tatyana Belikhina, Lyudmila Pivina, Nurlan Aukenov, Larissa Makalkina, Nurgul Aldiyarova, Yuliya Semenova

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Antonio Sarria-SantameraSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0001-5734-7468
Márió GajdácsDepartment of Public Health, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-1270-0365
Aliya RaimbayevaSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Tatyana BelikhinaDepartment of Science, Medical Center Hospital of the President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Lyudmila PivinaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071407, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0002-8035-4866
Nurlan AukenovResearch Administration, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan.
Larissa MakalkinaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Nurgul AldiyarovaProfessional Association of Clinical Pharmacologists and Pharmacists, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0003-3191-2531
Yuliya SemenovaSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0003-1324-7806

Funding

Nazarbayev University FDCRGP № 040225FD4722
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

antibiotic consumptionantimicrobial stewardshipAWaRe classificationDDDdefined daily dosesdrug registrationKazakhstanprimary care

Identifiers

PMID42353709
PMCPMC13296338

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.