Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42354021›Full record

ReviewFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Upcycling Discarded Apples into Cider: Yeast and Nutrient Strategies Shaping Fermentation and Sensory Quality.

Catarina Marques-Gomes, Beatriz Cardeal, António Inês, Fernanda Cosme, Virgílio Falco, Alice Vilela

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Catarina Marques-GomesChemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Beatriz CardealDepartment of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
António InêsChemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-1335-4214
Fernanda CosmeChemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-5924-1050
Virgílio FalcoCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-2742-0622
Alice VilelaChemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-1615-2418

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia COMPETE2030-FEDER-00765400Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia LA/P/0126/2020Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia UID/00616/2025Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia UID/04033/2025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing volume of discarded apples generated by commercial grading standards and postharvest losses represents both an environmental burden and an opportunity for sustainable valorization. Despite growing interest in circular economy strategies in the fruit-processing sector, a comprehensive review of the technological, microbiological, and nutritional factors influencing cider production from discarded apples remains limited. To address this gap, this review discusses key aspects of cider production from discarded apples, focusing on raw material characterization, nutrient management, yeast strategies, and fermentation technologies. The physicochemical and microbiological properties of discarded apples are examined, including soluble solids, acidity, phenolic composition, and microbial spoilage risks. Special attention is given to nutrient optimization, particularly yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN), vitamins, and minerals, as deficiencies may cause sluggish fermentation and adversely affect volatile compound formation and stability. This review evaluates yeast selection, comparing Saccharomyces cerevisiae with non-

Indexed as

cider fermentationdiscarded applesfood waste valorizationmixed fermentationnon-Saccharomyces yeastsnutrient managementsensory quality

Identifiers

PMID42354021
PMCPMC13298119

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.