Evidence mapPaperPMID 42354331Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026

Association Between Food Environment Characteristics and Overweight and Anemia in Socially Vulnerable Children Living in Favelas.

Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro Silva-Neto, Risia Cristina Egito de Menezes, Vanessa Sá Leal, Thays Lane Ferreira Dos Santos, Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio

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Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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5 authors.

Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro Silva-NetoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-1003-9836
Risia Cristina Egito de MenezesPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil.
Vanessa Sá LealCurso de Nutrição, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil.
Thays Lane Ferreira Dos SantosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.
Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo FlorêncioPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 88887.081866/2024-00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe food environment plays a significant role in determining children's nutritional status, especially in socially vulnerable settings, where the high availability of ultra-processed beverages can contribute to both overweight and nutritional deficiencies, such as anemia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between the availability of fruits, vegetables, and ultra-processed beverages in the food environment and the occurrence of overweight and anemia in children living in socially vulnerable areas.

methodsThis is a cross-sectional study with an ecological component, conducted between 2020 and 2021, involving 665 children residing in 40 favelas and urban communities in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, and hematological data were collected, along with a characterization of the food environment in 624 establishments using the AUDITNOVA tool, focusing on the availability of fruits, vegetables, and ultra-processed beverages. The outcomes investigated were overweight (BMI-for-age z-score > +2) and anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL). Multilevel models were used to assess the associations between the food environment and the outcomes of interest.

resultsThe prevalence of overweight was 19.7%, while anemia affected 50.4% of the children assessed. Greater availability of fruits and vegetables was associated with a lower chance of being overweight (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.79-0.98). In contrast, high availability of ultra-processed beverages was associated with a higher chance of being overweight (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07-1.84) and anemia (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.04-2.29).

conclusionFood environments characterized by widespread availability of ultra-processed beverages were associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and anemia among children. In comparison, greater availability of fresh or minimally processed foods was associated with a lower prevalence of overweight. These findings highlight the importance of public policies that promote healthier food environments in socially vulnerable areas.

Indexed as

AnemiaFood SupplyOverweightBeveragesBrazilChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFood, ProcessedFruitHumansMalePrevalenceVegetablesVulnerable Populationsanemiachildrenfood environmentoverweightultra-processed beverages

Identifiers

PMID42354331
PMCPMC13299719

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