Evidence mapPaperPMID 42354402Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Silibinin-Loaded Proniosomal Gel for Cutaneous Application: Pharmaco-Technical Characterization and In Vitro-In Ovo Biocompatibility.

Andreea Smeu, Ioana Olariu, Iasmina Marcovici, Diana Haj-Ali, Lavinia Vlaia, Vicențiu Vlaia, Alina Tănase, Raluca Mioara Cosoroabă, Vlad Socoliuc, Cristina Adriana Dehelean

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Andreea SmeuDoctoral School, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Ioana OlariuDepartment II-Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Iasmina MarcoviciResearch Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0003-3292-9079
Diana Haj-AliDoctoral School, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Lavinia VlaiaDepartment II-Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Vicențiu VlaiaDepartment II-Organic Chemistry, Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Alina TănaseFaculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Raluca Mioara CosoroabăFaculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Vlad SocoliucLaboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center of Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy-Timisoara Branch, 24 Mihai Viteazul Avenue, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0003-0529-1911
Cristina Adriana DeheleanResearch Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The skin serves as the first line of defense, being highly prone to external damage. Silibinin (SIL) exerts skin-protective properties, but its topical use requires a suitable delivery system. Despite the growing interest in proniosomal platforms loaded with natural products, their application for the cutaneous delivery of SIL remains scarcely explored. This study proposes the pharmaco-technical characterization and preclinical safety evaluation of a SIL-loaded proniosomal gel (SIL-PG) for skin application. SIL-PG was produced using the coacervation phase separation technique, analyzed in terms of physicochemical and technological properties, and evaluated in vitro and in ovo for potential cytotoxic and irritant effects. SIL-PG retained a yellowish, creamy aspect, proper rheological behavior and spreadability, gradual in vitro drug release, sustained permeation, and an adequate safety profile, evidenced by the lack of cytotoxicity in HaCaT keratinocytes and spheroids and the absence of irritant potential in 3D EpiDerm™ reconstructed human tissues and on the chorioallantoic membrane. Overall, these findings emphasize SIL-PG as a potential pharmaceutical formulation for dermal use, with favorable pharmaco-technical characteristics and in vitro-in ovo biocompatibility.

Indexed as

irritant potentialkeratinocytespharmaco-technical evaluationproniosomal gelreconstructed human tissuesafety profilesilibininspheroids

Identifiers

PMID42354402
PMCPMC13297749

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.