Evidence mapPaperPMID 42354584Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Symptom, Functional, and Work Participation Profiles Among Racialized Canadians with Pre-Existing Mental Health Challenges and Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Maryam Shahzad, Sana Siddiqui, Chloe Lau, De-Lawrence Lamptey, Victor E Ezeugwu, Geoffrey Maina, Chris J Maddison, Kimberly Flowers, Armaan Rehman Shah, Thinuri Welithotage and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Maryam ShahzadRehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V, Canada.
Sana SiddiquiDepartment of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.
Chloe LauDepartment of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.
De-Lawrence LampteyRehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4322-1546
Victor E EzeugwuDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7528-1228
Geoffrey MainaCollege of Nursing, Prince Albert Campus, University of Saskatchewan, 130-1061 Central Avenue, Prince, AB S6V 4W4, Canada.
Chris J MaddisonDepartment of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.
Kimberly FlowersIndependent Researcher, Edmonton, AB T5T 2W8, Canada.
Armaan Rehman ShahDepartment of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.ORCID 0009-0007-4748-0071
Thinuri WelithotageDepartment of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.
Behdin Nowrouzi-KiaRehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5586-4282

Funding

Long covid web Seed funding
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesLong COVID is associated with persistent, multi-system symptoms, yet little is known about how it affects individuals with intersecting vulnerabilities, such as a racialized identity and pre-existing mental health conditions. This study aimed to descriptively characterize the symptom burden, functional outcomes and mental health in this population.

methodsA cross-sectional, exploratory study was conducted among 51 adults in Canada who self-identified as racialized and as having a pre-existing mental health condition and reported long COVID symptoms. Participants completed an online survey, including validated measures of symptoms, fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive function, mental health and disability. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize outcomes.

resultsParticipants reported a slight to moderate overall symptom burden, with the highest scores in respiratory and psychological domains. Functional impairment was moderate across work, social and daily activities (Work and Social Adjustment Scale mean = 17.35; World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 mean = 16.61; Post COVID-19 Functional Status Scale mean = 2.20). Fatigue and post-exertional malaise were notable (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale mean = 43.39; DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-Post-Exertional Malaise mean = 22.47), and cognitive difficulties were commonly reported (Perceived Deficits Questionnaire mean = 33.43). Anxiety and depression scores were in the mild to moderate range respectively (General Anxiety Disorder-7 mean = 9.27; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 mean = 11.43).

conclusionsClinically relevant fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and depression were found, alongside moderate functional limitations across life domains. The findings support the conceptualization of long COVID as a syndemic condition and underscore the need for equity-informed research, rehabilitation and public health strategies.

Indexed as

Canadafunctioninglong COVIDmental healthsymptoms

Identifiers

PMID42354584
PMCPMC13300001

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.