Parasitoid Insect Venom Proteins: Identification, Functions, Evolution, and Biocontrol Potential-Lessons from Hymenoptera and Open Questions in the Coleopteran Ectoparasitoid

Huayang Yin, Qingtong Wang, Zhe Liu, Wanlin Guo, Xiaojuan Li

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Insects, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Huayang YinInstitute of Forest Protection, Anhui Provincial Academy of Forestry, Hefei 230031, China.ORCID 0009-0009-1973-899X

Qingtong WangInstitute of Forest Protection, Anhui Provincial Academy of Forestry, Hefei 230031, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1454-969X

Zhe LiuSchool of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.

Wanlin GuoInstitute of Forest Protection, Anhui Provincial Academy of Forestry, Hefei 230031, China.

Xiaojuan LiInstitute of Forest Protection, Anhui Provincial Academy of Forestry, Hefei 230031, China.

Funding

Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation 2508085QC115

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In many parasitoid insects, especially hymenopteran parasitoids, venom is delivered around oviposition to override host physiology. Once viewed as a narrowly immunosuppressive secretion, parasitoid venom is now recognized as a multifunctional effector system targeting host immunity, development, metabolism, and behavior. This review synthesizes the venom apparatus, identification strategies, mechanisms of host manipulation, evolutionary processes, and biocontrol prospects, drawing primarily on Hymenoptera. A consistent pattern emerges: comparable host phenotypes arise from divergent molecular scaffolds, indicating functional rather than molecular convergence. Mechanistic evidence is strongest along six interlocking axes: inhibition of the prophenoloxidase cascade and melanization, disruption of cellular and humoral immunity, developmental arrest, metabolic reprogramming, and neuromuscular or behavioral manipulation. Outside Hymenoptera, the coleopteran ectoparasitoid

Indexed as

biological controlDastarcus helophoroidesdevelopmental arresthost manipulationHymenopteraimmune suppressionmetabolic reprogrammingparasitoid venomvenosome

Identifiers

PMID42355341

DOI10.3390/insects17060608

PMCPMC13301370

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.