Evidence mapPaperPMID 42355461Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026

The Association Between Consumption of Foods/Food Groups and the Risk of Overweight/Obesity and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Fidelia Bature, Michael Georgoulis, Athanasia Kyrkili, Meropi D Kontogianni, Zoi-Eleni Koti, Chara Kapsala, Iliana Korma, Yannis Pappas

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Fidelia BatureInstitute for Health Research, Putteridge Bury Campus, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU28LE, UK.
Michael GeorgoulisDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4619-2100
Athanasia KyrkiliDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece.
Meropi D KontogianniDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3168-8867
Zoi-Eleni KotiUkemed Global Ltd. 121, Prodromou Street Offices 713-715, 2064 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Chara KapsalaUkemed Global Ltd. 121, Prodromou Street Offices 713-715, 2064 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Iliana KormaUkemed Global Ltd. 121, Prodromou Street Offices 713-715, 2064 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Yannis PappasInstitute for Health Research, Putteridge Bury Campus, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU28LE, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3087-860X

Funding

the European Union's HORIZON 2022 research and innovation program No 101080718
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Existing studies have suggested an association between consumption of foods/food groups and the risk of childhood overweight/obesity (OV/OB) and metabolic unhealthy obesity (MUO). However, they are heterogeneous in terms of design, samples and outcomes, and most do not provide evidence of long-term longitudinal associations given their cross-sectional nature. The aim of the present work was to systematically review longitudinal evidence of the association between foods/food groups and the risk of OV/OB and MUO in children and adolescents aged 2-19 years. Two databases (Scopus and PubMed) were searched for original research conducted in Western countries. Prospective epidemiological studies (PES) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with exposures/interventions related to the consumption of foods/food groups, OV/OB- or MUO-related outcomes and ≥1-year follow-up were considered eligible. A narrative evidence synthesis, complemented by random-effects meta-analyses where feasible, was performed. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024496148). The narrative synthesis of 23 longitudinal studies revealed a detrimental effect of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (n = 8/10 PESs and 1/2 RCTs) and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) (n = 2/3 PESs), and a beneficial effect of full/higher-fat dairy products (n = 2/3 PESs) on OV/OB-related outcomes, although certainty in evidence was (very) low. Evidence was inconclusive for artificially sweetened beverages, fruits and vegetables (primarily 100% fruit juices), milk and total dairy products. Random-effects meta-analysis of PESs focusing on SSBs revealed a positive association with follow-up body mass index (n = 3, pooled beta: 0.16 kg/m

Indexed as

childrenfood groupsfoodsobesityoverweightsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID42355461
PMCPMC13302376

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.