Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42356229›Full record

ArticleNutrients2026

Impact of Maternal Euthyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis on Minipuberty in Female Offspring.

Karolina Kowalcze, Johannes Ott, Giovanni Cangelosi, Joanna Kula-Gradzik, Andrea Deledda, Robert Krysiak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Karolina KowalczeDepartment of Pediatrics in Bytom, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Stefana Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9276-4563
Johannes OttClinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-2761-5262
Giovanni CangelosiSchool of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine and "Stefania Scuri" Public Health Department, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8523-6906
Joanna Kula-GradzikDepartment of Pediatrics in Bytom, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Stefana Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Andrea DeleddaEndocrinology and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6925-7515
Robert KrysiakDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5454-2620

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesMinipuberty is a transient activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in infancy that contributes to the postnatal development of sexual organs. Its course has been shown to be influenced by maternal hypothyroidism. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive axis and genital development in infant girls born to women with euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis.

methodsThe study involved three groups of infants: two groups were daughters of euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroiditis, while the third group (control) consisted of daughters of women without thyroid disease during pregnancy. Half of the mothers with thyroiditis received additional vitamin D and selenium supplementation during pregnancy, whereas the other half did not. During the first 18 months of life, periodic assessments were conducted of gonadotropin concentrations in urine, as well as salivary levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEA-S. Additionally, ovarian volume, uterine length, and breast diameter were measured in the infants.

resultsDaughters of women with autoimmune thyroiditis who did not receive supplementation during pregnancy exhibited lower levels of LH, estradiol, and progesterone, as well as a more rapid decline in LH and estradiol to below detectable levels, compared with daughters of healthy women. These hormonal differences were accompanied by smaller uterine length and breast diameter in this group. No differences were observed between the offspring of non-supplemented women with thyroiditis and daughters of healthy women regarding the levels of other hormones or ovarian volume. The dynamics of all assessed hormone levels and organ measurements did not differ between daughters of euthyroid women with thyroiditis who received vitamin D and selenium supplementation and daughters of healthy women. LH and progesterone levels showed inverse correlations with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody titers, whereas uterine and breast dimensions positively correlated with estradiol levels.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that maternal euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis can affect the progression of female minipuberty, while supplementation with vitamin D and selenium during pregnancy may mitigate this effect.

Indexed as

Pregnancy ComplicationsPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsPubertyThyroiditis, AutoimmuneAdultDietary SupplementsFemaleHumansHypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal AxisInfantPregnancySeleniumVitamin DSeleniumVitamin Dgenital organshypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axisinfancypregnancy complicationssalivathyroid autoimmunitywomen’s health

Identifiers

PMID42356229
PMCPMC13304813

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.