Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42358229›Full record

ArticleEuropean heart journal. Digital health2026

Machine learning-based prediction of mortality and hospitalization in diabetic patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the GUARDIAN-P risk score.

Zheng-Wei Chen, Jen-Fang Cheng, Chen-Yu Huang, Tin-Tse Lin, Ting-Chuan Wang, Yen-Yun Yang, Shu-Lin Chuang, Chia-Ti Tsai, Lian-Yu Lin, Chung-Lieh Hung and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European heart journal. Digital health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zheng-Wei ChenDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-6674
Jen-Fang ChengDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9729-5551
Chen-Yu HuangGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
Tin-Tse LinDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
Ting-Chuan WangDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
Yen-Yun YangDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
Shu-Lin ChuangDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
Chia-Ti TsaiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-8665
Lian-Yu LinDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-6429
Chung-Lieh HungDivision of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei City 104, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-3493
Cho-Kai WuDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-150X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major contributor to adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aim to develop and externally validate a machine learning-based model using a random survival forest (RSF) approach for predicting the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and cardiovascular (CV) death in patients with DM and HFpEF. Methods and results: This retrospective cohort study included 1450 adult patients with coexisting DM and HFpEF identified from the National Taiwan University Hospital-Integrated Medical Database. An initial RSF model was trained using 27 clinical variables, and the top 9 predictors were selected to construct a parsimonious final model. Predictive performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and external validation was conducted in an independent cohort ( Conclusion: The RSF-based model incorporating nine routinely available variables accurately predicts HHF and CV death in patients with DM and HFpEF. This tool may support personalized risk assessment and guide clinical decision-making.

Indexed as

Diabetes mellitusHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)Machine learningRisk prediction

Identifiers

PMID42358229
PMCPMC13293260

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.