ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Baseline predictors of visual response and treatment burden after ranibizumab therapy in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Visual response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME) varies among patients, and baseline predictors remain incompletely defined. This study investigated baseline predictors of visual response and treatment burden after anti-VEGF therapy in eyes with RVO-ME. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 80 eyes from 80 patients with RVO-ME treated at a single center. Baseline clinical characteristics, optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers, and hematologic inflammatory indices were collected. Decimal visual acuity was converted to approximate Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter scores. Poor functional response was defined as a gain of ≤10 ETDRS letters at 1 month after the third anti-VEGF injection. A composite endpoint was used for sensitivity analysis. Treatment burden was assessed by the number of injections within 6 months. Results: Mean baseline and final ETDRS letter scores were 37.46 and 58.93, respectively, with a mean gain of 21.47 letters. Poor functional response occurred in 21 eyes (26.3%). After excluding sparse HRVO cases from regression modeling, CRVO was associated with poor functional response compared with BRVO (OR 6.81, 95% CI 1.17-39.74, Conclusion: In this small retrospective RVO-ME cohort treated with ranibizumab, CRVO was consistently associated with poorer short-term visual outcome. The association between baseline visual acuity and gain-based response appeared to be influenced by a ceiling effect. Conventional qualitative OCT biomarkers and hematologic inflammatory indices showed limited but potentially complementary value, and treatment-burden findings should be interpreted as exploratory.
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