ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
Mechanochemically primed regenerative extracellular vesicles as a nanotherapeutic strategy for peripheral neuropathy.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeripheral neuropathy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by inflammation, nerve damage, and impaired function. It arises owing to various factors, including traumatic nerve injury, neuropathic pain due to cancer, and diabetic neuropathy. Although conventional two-dimensional culture-based mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) demonstrate therapeutic potential for neuropathy, their regenerative efficacy and consistency are limited. Therefore, the present study proposes a nanobiology-based therapeutic strategy for neuroregenerative medicine.
resultsIn this study, MSCs were preconditioned using transforming growth factor beta-3 and cultured in a three-dimensional dynamic culture system to produce highly functional mechanochemically primed regenerative EVs (MCR-EVs). In an ex vivo organotypic spinal cord slice injury model with demyelination, MCR-EVs were internalized by slice-resident cells and significantly attenuated cell death compared to conventional 2D-EVs (Con-EVs). MCR-EVs also promoted the recovery of axonal integrity and pro-survival signaling in injured spinal cord slices, as indicated by increased neurofilament-M immunoreactivity, restored protein kinase B phosphorylation, and growth-associated protein 43 expression. MCR-EVs exhibited enhanced therapeutic effects compared with Con-EVs in a mouse model of peripheral neuropathy induced by chronic constriction injury. The MCR-EV-treated group exhibited downregulated expression of proinflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2, accompanied by inhibition of microglial activation and cell death. Additionally, the axonal structure was restored, as demonstrated by increased expression of neurofilament heavy chain, neuron-specific class III β-tubulin, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. The MCR-EV-treated group also exhibited increased expression of Schwann cell-related markers (S100β, myelin basic protein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein), maintenance of neuromuscular structure, and upregulated platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 expression levels. Moreover, in MCR-EVs, small RNA sequencing confirmed the presence of several miRNAs that are potentially associated with nerve regeneration, inflammation, and pain modulation.
conclusionsThese results suggest that MCR-EVs contribute to the recovery of myelinated axons and regeneration of peripheral tissues, thus protecting endothelial cell components. MCR-EVs improved therapeutic outcomes compared to current Con-EV treatments and may promote peripheral neuropathic recovery by modulating anti-inflammatory and nerve regeneration pathways.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.