ArticleBMC nursing2026
Low-cost home-based basic life support skills training using a homemade manikin among undergraduate nursing students.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundLimited access to simulation equipment has highlighted the need for accessible and cost-effective alternatives for teaching psychomotor skills such as Basic Life Support (BLS) in nursing education.
aimTo evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning-supported BLS training using a low-cost homemade manikin on undergraduate nursing students' knowledge, observable procedural performance, and short-term retention.
designA quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study with a one-month follow-up.
methodsThe study was conducted with 148 undergraduate nursing students. Participants received theoretical BLS training through e-learning and practiced skills using a homemade manikin. Knowledge levels were assessed before training, immediately after training, and one month later using a structured knowledge test. Observable procedural performance was evaluated based on standardized performance criteria immediately after training and at one-month follow-up by two blinded expert evaluators (κ: 1.00). Data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, with effect sizes reported.
resultsStudents' knowledge scores increased significantly after the training. The mean knowledge score improved from 5.08 ± 1.96 before training to 7.99 ± 1.56 immediately after training (Z = - 9.548, p < 0.001). At one-month follow-up, the mean score remained significantly higher than baseline (7.40 ± 1.63; Z = - 3.382, p = 0.001), indicating retention of knowledge over time. Observable procedural performance scores were high immediately after training (16.54 ± 2.90) and showed a slight but significant decrease at one-month follow-up (15.62 ± 3.15; Z = - 4.594, p < 0.001), while remaining at a satisfactory performance level.
conclusionBLS training supported by a low-cost homemade manikin appears to be an effective and accessible educational strategy for improving and sustaining theoretical knowledge and observable procedural performance. This approach may serve as a practical alternative in resource-limited settings and contribute to reducing inequalities in skills-based nursing education. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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